请先阅读下面一段话：

亭亭玉立、风度翩翩、一表人才、面目狰狞、在绝望中寻找希望的我，在一个风高月黑的晚上，站在浪漫的月光下，虽然很冷，但是因为有你为了心中的理想，边吃冰淇淋边唱歌很凶悍地看一本引人入胜、字字珠玑、有口皆碑、千古绝唱、号称亚洲第一英雄的、一本叫机器猫的书。

下面哪一个选项能最好地表达原句的重要意思？错误选项要么改变原句的重要意思，要么遗漏了重要信息。

A. 作者一表人才

B. 作者面目狰狞在绝望中寻找希望

C. 作者站在烂漫的月光下

D. 作者在看书

此乃中文句子简化题，我想各位考生可以迅速秒杀之。但是，当考生面对托福考试中的句子简化题时，很多考生却有很多误区。接下来我将就托福阅读中的句子简化题的解题方法作一介绍。

托福阅读对阅读能力的考查非常全面，十大题型从词、句、段、章从微观到宏观，要求考生需要具备微观和宏观的阅读能力。例如像细节题、否定细节题、推理题、句子简化题属于比较微观的层面，考查的是考生阅读句子的能力，而在托福备考初期，对于词汇和句子的把握是重中之中。

而句子简化题是直接对于句子阅读能力的直接考查。接下来我们来解决如何突破句子简化题。

首先，我们来看看题目的要求：

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essentialinformation in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choiceschange the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

从题干可以看出有三点要求：1、正确选项最好地表达重要含义（注意是最好）；2、错误选项表达次要含义；3、错误选项改变含义。

对于句子简化题应该如何去做呢？

我上课将托福阅读所有技巧浓缩成八条，称之为托福阅读九阳神功，第一条一个字，第二条两个字，以此类推，以方便学生记忆。而其中最重要的一条就是第一条，一个字：找。这个字表达了阅读理解的本质，而体现在句子简化题当中就是：找关键点。这个关键点包括三条：逻辑、主干以及特殊形式。接下来依次给大家展示。

找逻辑。英语是逻辑的语言，英语测试水平越高，逻辑性越强，而句子简化题是对于句子内部逻辑的一种考查。例如来自OG的一个例子：

The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swamlike modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, eventhough a fluke was missing.

○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it didnot have a backbone.

○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, providesevidence of its missing fluke.

○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure showsthat it swam like modern whales.

○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whalesswim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.

原句当中出现了even though表示让步的逻辑关系，句子变成了这样的结构：B，even though A.我们对正确选项会有一个猜测：含有让步的逻辑关系，而且让步前后的内容也要对应于B和A，我们发现A中的even though和C中的although表示让步，但只有C选项的结构是 although A, B能够和原句对应。（大家注意原句中however表示的是此句和上句话的关系，而不是句内关系，因此不重要。）

再来看一OG上的例子：

He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if hemade and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-aprojector-from him instead of several.

○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines thanin developing a technology based on only one.

○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did notthink exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.

○Edison did not want to develop projection technology because itlimited the number of machines he could sell.

○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitorsagreed to purchase more than one projector from him.

原句当中出现了一个reasoning表示因果关系，句子结构是：A,reasoning that if C, D。A是结果，后面C和D是原因。正确选项不能调换顺序，不能遗漏重要信息。选项中有因果关系只有B和C，但是只有C中it limited the numberof machines he could sell和原句中thenexhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead ofseveral.能对应，答案为C。

句子简化题中常见的逻辑关系有：让步转折、因果、并列、对比、类比、条件等，只要总结常见的逻辑关系词，就能识别逻辑关系以此帮助我们来做题。

句子简化题中出现过的逻辑关系词如下：

让步转折逻辑：though, although, even though, even, despite；but, however, nevertheless

因果逻辑：because, since, as, lead to, result from, attribute to, due to,reasoning, as a result of, thus, so that

并列逻辑：and, or, not only ... but also, as well as, either ... or

对比：whereas, while, contrary to；类比：like, unlike

条件：if, unless, once

找主干。那对于没有明显逻辑词的句子应该如何去处理呢？句子简化题是考察我们对句子重要信息的掌握，而一个句子的重要信息就是这个句子的主干，因此找主干就显得很重要了。那么如何找主干呢？大家可以采取这样一种方法，把修饰成分去掉，剩下的就是主干，而一个句子最常见的修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、介词以及插入语，去掉之后就是主干。

例如一句经典的台词：

Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walksinto mine.

世界上有那么多的城镇，城镇中有那么多的酒馆，她却走进了我的（酒馆）。（《卡萨布兰卡》1942）

前面都是介词短语的修饰成分，大家都知道重点内容在于后半句。

例如TPO 9的一道题目：

Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support form from the factthat the greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the westcoast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled thelongest. (TPO 9)

○Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displaysthe greatest diversity in Native American languages.

○Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americashas been settled longer than any other region.

○The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languagesoccurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark'shypothesis.

○According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived thelongest along the west coast of the Americas.

这个句子可以这样划分，括号里都是修饰成分：

Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support form (from thefact) (that the greatest diversity (in native American languages) occurs (alongthe west coast of the Americas,) (suggesting that this region has been settledthe longest.))

其实这个句子的主干就是Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support form，后面接介词和从句都是修饰成分，可以先不看（不是不看），那么可以对正确选项作出预测：正确选项必须有Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support form的意思，而且不会照抄。表达了这个意思就只有C选项中的..lends strength toFradmark's hypothesis.因此答案为C。

所以，大家在做题时，不要主次不分，先找出主干，正确选项必须含有主干的内容，如果只有一个选项有，答案就是它了，如果有两个选项有，再去看修饰成分加以排除。

找特殊形式。语言由两个部分构成，一是内容，二是形式。我们在做句子简化题时，可以通过特殊的语言形式去判断从而快速解题。

我们来看OG上的例子：

For example, people who believe thataggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to actaggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act ofaggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are lesslikely to behave aggressively.(OG)

○People who believe that they are fightinga just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting anunjust war do not.

○People who believe that aggression isnecessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those whobelieve differently.

○People who normally do not believe thataggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.

○People who believe that aggression isnecessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.

这个句子的主干是people are likely to act aggressively whereas people are less likelyto behave aggressively。这个句子主干里出现了一种很特殊的语言形式就是比较级，那么在正确选项必须要出现比较关系，答案也只有B了。

一些特殊的语言形式包括：比较级、最高级、极端词、否定词等。

总之，我们在做句子简化题的时候，对正确选项一定要有提前的预测，通过逻辑、主干以及特殊形式去判断，尤其逻辑和主干可以结合使用，这样才不容易受干扰项的干扰，达到快速有效地解题。

黄祺老师简介：深圳新东方阅读怪才，七年的授课经验，结合自己短小精悍粗壮并狂放不羁的外形，傲视阅读篇章。一副眼睛下面，暗藏深邃与对知识的渴望。

黄祺老师暑假班：托福基础班，托福强化班，SAT冲1800分班，SAT冲2000分班。