备考雅思的同学们都能发现,多选题是雅思听力近两年来出现频率较高的一种题型,在考试中所占的比重约达10%。由于多选题的内容在音频中出现的信息量大且集中,加上一些选项与音频中所说的内容似是而非,如雾中花水中月,导致考生对这种题型望而生畏,只能凭感觉猜题。那么,该如何拨开迷雾呢?本文海飓留学网专家将就多选题的出题思路、选项特点、陷阱特点与解题技巧进行深入的讲解,帮烤鸭们拿下这10%的分数。
一、出题思路
纵观剑桥历年真题的多选题,可以发现题目的提问方式主要包括以下几种情况:利与弊的讨论、时间的区分、因果关系、包含与否、行为方式和重要细节。
1. 利与弊的讨论
What TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss? (C4T2S3)
What TWO advantages does the speaker say Rexford University has for the students he is speaking to? (C5T3S2)
2. 时间的区分
What TWO types of coursework are required each month on the part-time course? (C5T1S3)
Which THREE topics do this term’s study skill workshops cover? (C6T4S3)
Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train from Trebirch? (C6T2S2)
Which TWO activities can students do after the tour at present? (C8T1S2)
Which TWO facilities in the district of Devon Close are open to the public at the moment? (C8T3S1)
3. 因果关系
Which TWO reasons does Jeannie give for deciding to leave some college clubs? (C8T43)
Which TWO factors reduce the benefits of shark nets? (C4T4S4)
4. 包含与否
Which TWO things are included in the price of the tour? (C5T1S1)
Which TWO of the following are offered free of charge at Shore Lane Health Center? (C9T4S1)
Which THREE things can students have with them in the museum? (C8T1S2)
Which THREE topics does Sandra agree to include in the proposal? (C8T1S3)
5. 行为方式
In which TWO ways is Dan financing his course? (C8T4S3)
Which THREE things can the general public do to help the charity Pedal Power? (C5T2S2)
6. 重要细节
Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test? (C9T1S2)
Which TWO achievements of Antarctic Treaty are mentioned by the speakers? (C7T2S3)
Which TWO facilities did the students request in the new Union Building? (C4T3S4)
Which TWO security measures have been requested? (C4T3S4)
Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in connection with 20th century housing in the East End? (C6T1S4)
二、选项特点
从选项的数量来看,多选题主要可分为五选二和七选三两种情况,极少出现七选二。与单选题相比,两道单选题有六个选项,三道单选题有九个选项,多选题反而少了一两个干扰信息,考生应该为此感到庆幸。
从选项的长短看,多选题可以分为短选项和长选项。一般,大部分短选项都会在音频中出现,长选项的内容有一些会出现在音频中,另一些则被音频中的同义词替换。
从选项的内容看,多选题可以分为同类项和相反项。同类项,指的是结构类似或选项中有重复出现的单词。相反项,顾名思义,即意思相反的选项。一般,同类项里有一个正确答案,相反项里也有一个正确答案。
三、陷阱特点
通过对干扰选项的分析与研究,笔者发现陷阱的形式主要有以下几个特点:
1. 无中生有
选项中的内容在音频中没有被提到,如C5T1S3中的选项E. study diary在音频中并未被提及,即可排除此选项;或者选项中的内容在音频中只提到了一部分,另一部分的内容在音频中未被提及,如C5T2S2中的选项G. write to the government,音频中提到了government, 但并没有提到write, 也没有出现其同义词,故可排除该选项。
2. 似是而非
选项中的内容与音频中的表述几乎一模一样,但实际上不同,如C5T2S2中的选项D. do voluntary work in its office, 音频中说的是Also you could help by contacting the voluntary staff at our offices, voluntary与office的出现几乎可以以假乱真,但是音频中说的是contacting而不是选项中的do, 不仔细很容易将D听成正确选项。
3. 答非所问
选项中的内容在音频中的表述与题目的问题无关或意思相反,如C6T2S2, 题目问的是现在从Trebirch出发坐火车可以参观哪三个景点,选项B. a theme park, 音频中说的是your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park, 与题目无关,故可排除该选项。再如C8T4S3题目问的是女生Jeannie离开社团的原因,选项B. The activity interferes with her studies, 音频中说的是尽管排练戏剧影响了学习,但她会继续留在该社团,与题目相悖,故可排除该选项。
4. 时间错乱
选项中的内容所表达的时态与题目问的时态不相符合,一般地,听力多选题的题目问题以现在时为主,所以发生在过去或者将来的则是陷阱。如C6T4S3题目问的是这个学期的学习技能研讨会包含哪三个话题,选项A. an introduction to the Internet, 音频中说的是The one on the Internet for beginners was last term, 这里的时间last term与题目中的时间this term不一致,故可排除该选项。再如C6T2S2题目中问的是现在从Trebirch出发坐火车可以参观哪三个景点,选项A. science museum, 音频中说的是when the new science museum opens next year, 这里的时间next year与题目中的时间at present不一致,故排除该选项。
5. 肯定与否
选项中的信息在音频中以否定的形式出现,如C8T1S2题目问的是学生们可以随身携带哪三件东西进入博物馆,选项A. food和选项B. drinks, 音频中说的是they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind. 因为有否定词not, 故可以轻松排除AB选项。再如C4T4S4, 题目问的是哪两个因素降低了鲨鱼网的作用,选项D. sharks eat holes in nets和选项G. holes in nets scare sharks, 音频中说的是It’s not that they think sharks are afraid of nets, or because they eat holes in them, because neither of this is true. 因为有否定词not和neither, 故可排除D和G选项。
四、解题技巧
根据笔者之前所述,多选题的提问方式比较固定,故考生们在平时的练习中应该加强对上述出题思路中所讲的考点词汇的敏感度,只有先抓到了问题中的关键词,才能定位答案所集中的段落,同时注意识别上述陷阱,最后结合下面几种方法就可以达到事半功倍的效果。
1. 合并同类项
考生们在审题时要学会找差异,选项中有重复出现的单词可归为一类,即合并同类项,然后重点关注其他相异部分,因为出题点往往就落在这里。如C6T4S3, 选项A和F中均有Internet, 选项C和G中均有library, 选项BDE中均有dissertation。显然,A和F, C和G, BDE中分别有一个正确答案。
2. 并列原则
由于多选题自身的特点是答案多,所以选项中的内容在音频中的出现往往会通过连接词进行连接,即音频中讲完一个答案后,在讲下一个信息前常常会有明显的过渡词。如C5T3S2, 音频中说完正确答案C后,用one further point引出了下一个正确答案E。再如C4T2S3, 音频中说完正确答案B后,用another drawback引出了下一个正确答案C。所以,考生们在听音频时还要注意听并列词,以便更好地定位目标信息。
3. 同义转换原则
由于多选题的大部分选项在音频中均会出现,且干扰选项往往听得非常清楚,所以很多考生会条件反射误以为听到了答案,而正确选项则由于其在音频中或多或少地被同义词替换,导致考生听不到或听到了但没听懂。所以考生在听音频时一定要根据上下文识别同义词,理解整句话的意思。
4. 排除法
当正确选项中的内容在音频中没有听到或者听到了但没有听懂,可以利用题目的隐含意思或其他选项在音频中的关系,灵活应用排除法,如C5T1S1, 题目问的是旅游价格中包含了哪两项活动,当听到需要花钱的选项ACE后,即可轻松选出正确选项BD。同理,C8T1S2, 题目问的是旅游结束后学生们可以做哪两项活动,选项ACD在音频中是以并列的形式一起出现的,而题目要求选两个答案,即可排除相互并列的ACD, 选出正确选项BE。
5. 求同存异
当长选项中的关键词与音频中的关键词相同时,此时应当把注意力集中在其他相异的部分,如果相异的部分所表达的内容也一致,那就是正确答案,如果相异的部分表达的内容无关或者相反,则是陷阱。
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