美国儿童安全行车指南,带孩子的家长一定要看!,澳洲杰达留学移民微信公众号文章

前几日，潇湘晨报刊登了一则新闻《湖南湘潭4岁男童正午被锁车中身亡，车窗全是手印》，悲剧的起因是因为湘潭的一对年轻父母带4岁的孩子去亲戚家，结果因为孩子在车上睡着了，于是一时大意，将孩子留在了车里，当时正值正午时分，车厢内的温度高达47度。孩子醒来后，拼命挣扎，想打开车门，可是已经没有力气了，等大人发现后，孩子已经全身发紫、瞳孔突出、没有了气息，只有车窗上留下密集的孩子的小手印！

扼腕叹息之余，不禁在反思，如果父母多一点行车常识，这出悲剧完全可以避免。不可否认，美国这方面对儿童的行车保护做了很到位，不光普及对儿童保护知识，还在法律层面严加要求，比如不能独自留宝宝在车里，宝宝必须做安全椅等等，违者将受到严厉的处罚，甚至可能会坐牢。

今天就共享一下带宝宝外出坐车的注意事项，原文来自美国的Kids & Car公共安全组织（http://www.kidsandcars.org）。

【Heat Stroke，中暑】

根据官方统计，每年大约有38个儿童因为被遗留在车中，而死于车内的高温。即使再优秀的父母也会因为宝宝睡着了，从而一时粗心将孩子留于车中，从而引发悲剧。

以下是一些注意事项！

1.Never leave children alone in or around cars; not even for a minute.

永远不要将孩子留在车里或车附近，哪怕是一分钟也不行。

2.“Look Before You Lock” - Get in the habit of always opening the back door to check the back seat before leaving your vehicle. Make sure no child has been left behind.

“在锁车之前先检查一下”- 养成一个在锁车之前，都打开车门，检车车后座的好习惯，确保宝宝没有被遗留在座位上。

3.Create a reminder to check the back seat.

建立一种备忘机制来帮助提醒我们检车车后座。

（1）Put something you'll need like your cell phone,handbag, employee ID or briefcase, etc., in the back seat so that you have to open the back door to retrieve that item every time you park.将我们随身携带的一些必需品，比如手机、公文包、工卡、文件夹等，放在后座，这样就会迫使我们每次都会打开后座门去检查。

（2）Keep a large stuffed animal in the child's car seat. When the child is placed in the car seat, put the stuffed animal in the front passenger seat. It's a visual reminder that the child is in the back seat.放一个大毛绒玩具于后面的宝宝座位上，如果宝宝在车上时，将毛绒玩具放于副驾驶位置，如此一来，只要看到副驾驶位置有毛绒玩具，就知道宝宝还在后座上没有下车。

4.Make sure you have a strict policy in place with your childcare provider about daycare drop-off. Everyone involved in the care of your child should always be aware of their whereabouts. If your child will not be attending daycare as scheduled, it is the parent’s responsibility to call and inform the childcare provider. If your child does not show up as scheduled; and they have not received a call from the parent, the childcare provider pledges to contact you immediately to ensure the safety of your child. (this is very similar to the ‘absence-line’ used by most elementary, middle and high schools)

和幼儿园、学校、教育中心等达成一致的严格标准，每个人都确保知道宝宝在什么方位。如果孩子今天不能上学，家长必须给老师电话。如果孩子没有上学，而且老师也没收到家长的电话，学校将有责任立即联系家长以确保孩子的安全。

5.Keep vehicles locked at all times, even in driveways or garages. Ask home visitors, child care providers and neighbors to do the same.

保持车时刻上锁，即使车临时停在车库门口或者车道上。

6.Keep car keys and remote openers out of reach of children.

将车钥匙放在宝宝够不着的地方。

7.If a child goes missing, immediately check the inside passenger compartments and trunks of all vehicles in the area very carefully, even if they are locked. A child may lock the car doors after entering a vehicle on their own, but may not be able to unlock them.

如果孩子不见了，立刻检查当前区域里每辆车座位和后备箱，即使车上锁也要检查。要知道，调皮的宝宝很可能进入车后不小心又将车锁上，但是却不会打开车门了。

8.If you see a child alone in a vehicle, get involved. Call 911 immediately. If the child seems hot or sick, get them out of the vehicle as quickly as possible.

如果你看见有宝宝独自被留在车中，千万不要犹豫，立刻拨打911（美国报警电话，中国就是110了），如果宝宝看起来很热或者非常虚弱，立刻将孩子抱出来。

9.Be especially careful during busy times, schedule changes and periods of crisis or holidays. This is when many tragedies occur.

对于特殊时期，比如特别忙的时候、日程改变、节日期间等等，要格外小心，往往这个时候就是悲剧发生的时间。

10.Use drive-thru services when available (restaurants, banks, pharmacies, dry cleaners, etc.) and pay for gas at the pump.

在去参观、药房、银行等地方尽量用drive-thru服务，在加油站也尽量在油泵处付款，这样就减少了将宝宝独自留在车里的风险。

【Power Windows，电动车窗】

电动车窗虽然对驾驶员很便捷，但是却伤害了成千上万个儿童。当关上车窗时，自动车窗能产生30~80磅的力道，这个力道足可以卡住儿童，从而对孩子造成损伤甚至造成窒息。因此在关窗户时，一定要留意是否孩子将手或者头伸出车窗。

【Trunk Entrapment，后备箱】

现在车子已经被要求在后备箱中装上紧急逃生拉绳，但是有些旧款的车还没有这个装置。孩子经常会因为玩耍躲在车的后备箱中，从而造成伤害。

以下是一些注意事项：

1. Children cannot be left alone or unsupervised for even a fe minutes.

儿童永远不要单独留下哪怕是一分钟。

2. Never leave your car keys where children can access them.

永远不要把钥匙放在儿童可以够了着的地方。

3. Always make sure your car is locked so that children cannot access a car unsupervised.

确保车上锁，从而儿童无法再爬入车中玩耍。

4. Do not underestimate your children's capabilities. If there is a way in, they will figure it out. Teach your children about the dangers of a car, especially the car trunk.

永远不要低估孩子的能力，只要有可乘之机，他们都会找出办法的。因此需要教导孩子汽车的危险性，尤其是后备箱。

5. Arm your children with the facts. Practice escape techniques the same way you would hold a fire drill to show children how to get out of a burning building. If your child is put into the trunk, make sure that they know how to yank out the tail light wires. Instruct them to kick out the brake light fixture and signal for help with their hand through the broken brake light fixture. If the police stop the car, bang on the trunk and scream.

教导孩子一些基本的逃生常识，如果孩子被关在车子的后备箱里，教他们如何猛地拉后车灯的电线，如何点亮刹车灯从而发出求救信息，如果警车经过，学会大声呼救以及踢后备箱。

【Frontovers & Backovers，开车和倒车】

每年都会有成千上万个儿童因为司机的开车或者倒车而造成伤害。

以下是一些注意事项：

1. Walk around and behind a vehicle prior to moving it.

在倒车之前，围着车走一圈，看看是否适合倒车。

2. Know where your kids are. Make children move away from your vehicle to a place where they are in full view before moving the car and know that another adult is properly supervising children before moving your vehicle.

知道你的孩子在哪，当倒车的时候确保孩子有大人监护，并且远离你的倒车路线。

3. Teach children that “parked” vehicles might move. Let them know that they can see the vehicle; but the driver might not be able to see them.

告诉孩子们即使停住的车也有可能会移动的，有时候虽然你能看到车，但是司机不一定能看了到你，这样就会造成危险。

4. Consider installing cross view mirrors, audible collision detectors, rear view video camera and/or some type of back up detection device.

考虑在车上安装交叉视野镜、语音提醒装置、倒车雷达等。

5. Measure the size of your blind zone (area) behind the vehicle(s) you drive. A 5-foot-1-inch driver in a pickup truck can have a rear blind zone of approximately 8 feet wide by 50 feet long.

知道你的车子的盲点所在和盲点的距离。

6. Be aware that steep inclines and large SUV’s, vans and trucks add to the difficulty of seeing behind a vehicle.

如果驾驶SUV、卡车等大型车辆，要格外小心。

7. Hold children’s hand when leaving the vehicle.

当步行经过车辆时，一定要抓牢孩子的手。

8. Teach your children to never play in, around or behind a vehicle and always set the emergency brake.

告诉孩子们永远不要在车边玩耍，尤其是那些即将要发动的车。

9. Keep toys and other sports equipment off the driveway.

不要在行车路边放孩子的玩具。

10. Homeowners should trim landscaping around the driveway to ensure they can see the sidewalk, street and pedestrians clearly when backing out of their driveway. Pedestrians also need to be able to see a vehicle pulling out of the driveway.

将车附近的道路清理干净，确保倒车时候视野无障碍。

【Vechicle Set into Motion，发动车辆】