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Source: EIA

EIA continuesto expand its assessment of technically recoverable shale oil and shale natural gas resources aroundthe world. Theaddition of four countries—Chad, Kazakhstan, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates(UAE)—to a previous assessment covering 42 countries has resulted in a 13%increase in the global assessed total resource estimate for shale oil and a 4%increase for shale gas.

A total of 26formations within 11 basins were analyzed in these 4 countries. Although theseformations contain significant volumes of technically recoverable resources,there is currently no shale exploration underway in any of the four countries,meaning the new assessed resources are not yet economically recoverable. Theportions of these resources that become economically recoverable in thefuture will depend on crude oil and natural gas market prices, as well as thecapital and operating costs and productivity within the countries. Each of thecountries has an existing oil and natural gas industry with infrastructureconnecting the basins to global markets. All current production of oil andnatural gas in Chad, Kazakhstan, Oman, and the UAE is from non-continuousresources (from high-permeability formations).

Chad's oilproduction was 78,000 barrels per day (b/d) in 2014, down 55% since 2005. Oilproduction accounts for a significant portion (27%) of Chad's gross domesticproduct and provides the majority (63%) of government revenues.

Kazakhstan's oilproduction increased by 24% to 1.7 million b/d from 2005 to 2014, while naturalgas production increased 37% to 1.9 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) over thesame period. Kazakhstan is an exporter of light, sweet crude oil. About 16% ofKazakhstan's crude exports head east via pipeline to China. Kazakhstan'sexports will likely increase in the coming years, as production begins at Kashagan andexpands at Tengiz and Karachaganak. However, the rapid growth of oil productionand exports will require an expansion of export capacity.

Oman increasedoil production by 18% to 943,000 b/d and natural gas production by 32% to 2.8Bcf/d from 2005 to 2014. Oman exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) but importssome volumes of natural gas by pipeline from Qatar via the UAE. Oman iscurrently developing tight gas from the country's Khazzan field, which willpartially offset natural gas imports.

The UnitedArab Emirates increased oil production by 21% to 3.7 million b/d andits natural gas production by 18% to 5.6 Bcf/d from 2005 to 2014. The UAE is anet exporter of LNG but increasingly imports natural gas by pipeline fromQatar. The UAE's Shah sour gas project, which is in the process of reaching itsfull capacity of 0.5 Bcf/d, could lessen the UAE's import dependence in theshort term, and the country is investing $35 billion to diversify its energymix and reduce its dependence on natural gas imports.

The resourceestimates of these four countries, in addition to the other countriespreviously assessed in the 2013 EIA/ARI report on shale resources around the world, indicateproved and unproved technically recoverable resources of 419 billion barrels ofshale oil resources and 7,576 trillion cubic feet of shale gas resources within46 countries, including the United States. However, only four countries (theUnited States, Canada, China, and Argentina) are currently producing oil andnatural gas from these resources at commercial scale, with the United Statesalone providing 4.4 million b/d, or more than 90%, of global tight oilproduction and 42 Bcf/d, or more than 89%, of global shale natural gasproduction.

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