中国央行数据显示,我国3月份外汇储备量较2月份上涨,回升至32125.8亿美元,终于在连降四个月后有所回升。2月份外汇储备量为32023亿美元。同时,我国黄金储备量也较2月份有所回升,录得5779万盎司,2月份储备量为5750万盎司。
外汇储备的回升表明人民币币值将短期企稳,同时也是人民币币值逐步国际市场化的体现。
资料来源:新浪财经
什么是外汇储备? 外汇储备与货币货币有何联系?
那么外汇储备量与一个国家的货币币值有何关系?外汇储备也称外汇存底,是一个国家货币当局持有并可以随时兑换外国货币的资产。
一方面,外汇储备可以用来调节汇率,当本国货币汇率降低时,央行可以卖出外汇买入本币,增加本币的需求量以稳定汇率,反之亦然。
另一方面,外汇储备可以用来平衡国际收支平衡,当国际收支出现逆差时,中央银行在市场上卖出外汇买入本币,增加对国内的投资和商品需求,资金流入弥补逆差。相反,当国内出现总需求大于总供给时,央行可以动用外汇组织进口,以满足需求已达到供给平衡。
那么可以说明的是,自2015年8月份汇改以来,我国外汇储备呈现整体下滑,是由于人民币在加入SDR与国际接轨后,受到国际金融环境影响,例如美联储加息预期等因素导致人民币贬值预期强烈所致,以致央行动用了大量的外汇储备以稳定人民币币值。自2月份以来外汇储备量趋于回稳,主要由于美联储加息预期放缓,导致美元走低,使得人民币币值逐步企稳。同时,黄金价格也自今年呈现触底反弹。
人民币长期看仍然“硬件基本面良好”,还有升值空间
我很喜欢民生银行的一篇点评中所使用的人民币“硬件基础面”的用词,这里的“硬件”基础优势是指的我国国际贸易的长期顺差、GDP增长率与政府有效干预机制。与其它西方经济体相比,我国确实存在这些实实在在的优势,这是人民币长期升值预期的基本所在。
一是国际贸易长期顺差。如前所述,国际贸易收支平衡是直接影响货币币值的因素,虽然我国2015年进出口额度呈现整体下滑,但仍然是大顺差。
二是经济相对高速增长。对于本年度的GDP增长预期,李克强总理在全国经济会议上制定了6.5%-7%的目标,首次低于7%。但这个增长速度相对于主要西方经济体依然是高速。美国目前的经济增长预期为2.9%,欧元区为1.7%,日本为1%以下,并很有可能实现负增长。
三是政府的有效强力干预措施。中国央行的人民币空头狙击战是最有力的一证,这与欧洲与日本央行形成鲜明对比,两国央行为激活经济做跌本国货币均已采用负利率的非正常货币政策,但欧元与日元依旧未跌反升。
另外从国内的基本面来看,由于美联储加息迟疑,美元资产收益率逐显下行,中国大妈们的购汇热情有所减弱。私人部分的资产负债情况有所改善,短期外币债务仅紧剩5000亿美元左右。人民币汇率短期企稳有望。
文章出处: CMC Markets
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