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Source: EIA

The productivity of natural gaswells in the Marcellus Shale and the neighboring Utica Shale is steadilyincreasing because of ongoing improvements in precision and efficiency ofhorizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing occurring in those regions. SinceJanuary 2012, natural gas production in the Marcellus and Utica regions hasaccounted for 85% of the increase in natural gas production reported in EIA'sDrilling Productivity Report (DPR) and has driven recent growth in total U.S.natural gas production.

The DPR provides a month-aheadprojection of both oil and natural gas production for the seven mostsignificant shale formations in the United States. Although the DPR regions aregrouped according to the name of the predominant shale formation, the reportanalyzes all drilling and production within each geographic area. In practice,this means natural gas production activity in the Marcellus region, whichincludes Pennsylvania and West Virginia, encompasses not only the Marcellusformation, but also portions of the Utica shale and conventional formationsthat lay beneath those states. The Utica DPR region, which includes resourcesthat lay beneath Ohio, includes production from the bulk of the Utica formationas well as production from the Point Pleasant shale formation and (to a lesserextent) conventional resources.

The DPR identifies trends intotal production and rig productivity, expressed as new-well gas production perrig. The July edition of the DPR noted that average new-well gas production perrig in the Marcellus region was 3.2 million cubic feet of natural gas per day(MMcf/d) in January 2012. In July 2015, new-well gas production per rigincreased to 8.3 MMcf/d. This trend corresponded with an overall increase inthe amount of natural gas produced in the Marcellus region during the sameperiod. The DPR also indicates that the Marcellus region produced an estimated6.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day (Bcf/d) in January 2012,increasing to 16.5 Bcf/d in July 2015.

The Utica region also experiencedsignificant gains in rig productivity and production. In January 2012, new-wellgas production per rig in the Utica region averaged 0.31 MMcf/d. July 2015new-well gas production per rig is 6.9 MMcf/d. The DPR also indicates that theregion's total natural gas production increased rapidly over the same period:production in July 2015 was almost 18 times higher than in January 2013 (2.6Bcf/d and 0.15 Bcf/d, respectively).

Increases in natural gasproduction from these regions occurred because of many factors, including:

·Greater use of advanced drillingtechniques

·Increased number of stages usedin hydraulic fracturing operations

·Increased use of techniques suchas zipper fracturing (simultaneous fracturing of individual stages of twoparallel horizontal wells)

·Use of specific componentsduring well completion that aid in increa sing fracture size and porosity of thegeologic formation being targ eted

EIA's latest data show thatnatural gas produced from U.S. shale basins now accounts for 56% of U.S. drynatural gas production. Collectively, shale gas production from the Marcellusand Utica regions increased by 12.6 Bcf/d from January 2012 to June 2015,making these regions the driving forces behind overall U.S. natural gasproduction growth.

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