留学英语:Essay 和 Dissertation写作常用词汇与表达方式,英国留学权威微信公众号文章

留学英国的同学们肯定被各种essay和paper折磨的头痛吧，下面列了一些写essay经常用到的一些词汇及表达方式：
引用数据（图表、表格）：

常用的动词：show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …
as从句： As shown in …/ As can be seen in …/ As revealed by …

引用/简述他人的研究/观点：

XXX + Verb. + n./that … 其中Verb可以为：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend
其它：Based on …/ In the view of …/ According to …

表达可能性：

It is certain that …
It is almost certain that …
It is very probable/ highly likely that …
It is probable/likely that …
It is possible that …
It is unlikely that …
It is very/highly unlikely that …

用于表达可能性的另一种途径：

There is a definite possibility that …
There is a strong possibility that …
There is a good possibility that …
There is a slight possibility that …
There is little possibility that …

表示例外：

With the exception of …
Apart from …
Except for …

表示原因/缘由：

be due to
be attibuted to
be accounted for
be a consequence of
stem from

表示定义/命名：

be named
be called
be denoted by
be known as
be defined as
be referred to

引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）：

It is uncertain/unclear …
It has not been determined …
It is necessary to consider …
The question remains …
Current studies provide little information on …
We need to know/consider …
There is some question as to …
Another issue raised by this study is …

指出问题所在：

This system/process/idea has its problems.
There remains the issue of reliability.
This model has some serious liminations.
Few solutions have been found to …
Little progress has been made in …
The problem remains as to how …
Researchers still have to find a way to …

引出解决方案：

Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. One remedy is to …
One method to address this difficulty is to …
There are two possible ways of handling this problem. The first … The second …
Several options are available to address this obstacle. However, the best one seems to be …
A radically different design/model is needed to overcome this limitation.
Recently, researchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by …

引出中心话题：

Recently, there has been growing interest in …
The possibility of … has generated wide interest in …
The development of … is a classic problem in …
The development of … has led to the hope that …
The … has become a favorite topic for analysis …
Knowledge of … has great importance for …
The study of … has become an important aspect of …
A central issue in … is …
(The) … has been extensively studied in recent years.
Many investigators have recently turned to …
The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many researchers.
Many recent studies have focused on …

表达相似之处：

Similarly, …
Likewise, …
In the same fashion, …
As in X, in Y …
Like X, Y …
The same …
X is similar/comparable to Y
X resemble Y
X correspond to Y

表达不同之处或比较/对照：

In contrast, …
Unlike X, Y …
In contrast to …
On the other hand, …
…; however, …
…, but …
Whereas/While …, …
…, whereas/while …
X differ from Y
X is different from Y
X contrast with

评价他人的研究/论著：

正面：useful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility, detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant, scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical
负面：inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal, sloppy

总结：

Overall, …
In general, …
On the whole, …
In the main, …
With … exception(s), …
The overall results indicate …
The results indicate, overall, that …

指出本研究的局限：

It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with …
This analysis has concentrated on …
The findings of this study are restricted to …
This study has addressed only the question of …
The limination of this study are clear: …
We would like to point out that we have not …

指出研究结果的局限：

However, the findings do not imply …
The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for …
Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …
The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …

指出本研究的意义：

Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest …
Despite its preliminary character, the research reported here would seem to indicate …
However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into …

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