【英语知识小天地】——第一册新概念英语第1-60课语法总结

2015年10月13日 伦敦教育



代词用法总结

典型例句及用法:

Ilike basketball.(人称代词的主格做主语)

It’s me(表语). /He likes me(宾语).(人称代词的宾格做表语和宾语)

Thisis my book. (形容词性物主代词后面必须接名词)

Thisbook is mine.(名词性物主代词后面决不可加名词)

特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句是就句中某一部分提问的疑问句。它的构成是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的结构。读的时候用降调。特殊疑问句与一般疑问句的区别在于:特殊疑问句不可以用yes或no来回答,一般疑问句则用yes或no来回答。比如:What make is it? 它是什么牌子的?回答是:It is Toyota. 它是丰田。 而不可以说:Yes, it is Toyota.

常用的特殊疑问词有:

疑问代词:what什么,who谁,which哪个人/哪件事,whose谁的,whom谁。

疑问副词:when何时,where何地,why为什么,how如何,how much多少,howmany多少,how long多久,how old多大年纪,how far多远,how big多大

疑问形容词:what ,which ,whose+名词

Eg: Whois there? 谁在那儿?

Whichbook is his? 哪本书是他的?

What ishis father? 他父亲是干什么的?

Whose bagis that? 那是谁的包?

How oldare you? 你多大年纪了?

祈使句

1. 表命令,请求,叮嘱的句子叫做祈使句。它通常省略主语,以动词原形直接开头。

Eg:Come with me, please.

Stand up,please.

Open thewindow, please!

2. 祈使句便否定形式是在祈使句的开头加Don’t。

Eg:Don’t talk to me like that.

Don’t worry.

Don’t swim in the river.

3. 祈使句的句前或句末常常加上please,以使语气更加缓和,客气。

Eg:Open the door, please!

Pleasecome this way.

Be quiet!

定冠词the的用法

1. 特指双方都明白的人和物:

The cookis in the kitchen.

She isthe nurse.

2. 上文提到过的人或事:

There isa coat on the bed. The coat is Anne’s.

There isa bottle in the refrigerator. The bottle is empty.

3. 指世上独一无二的事物:

The sunis very bright. The sky is blue.

The moonis round and full. The earth is my home.

some 和any的用法

some和any都有“一些”的含义,都能修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但用法却大有不同。

1. some一般用在肯定句中。比如:

There aresome girls in the classroom.

He hassome good friends.

2.some有时也用于疑问句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并表示对某事有疑问。比如:

Canyou give me some milk?

3.any一般用于疑问句和否定句中。比如:

Arethere any maps on the wall?

Therearen’t any trees behind the house.

There be 结构的用法

1.There be句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“在某处或某时有…”。比如:

Thereis a blackboard in the classroom.

Thereare two empty bottles on the desk.

2.该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于be动词后面的名词:be后面的名词是单数,be动词就用is,be动词后面的名词是复数,be动词就用are。比如:

Thereis a smart boy in the room.

Thereare three red apples on the table.

3.如果该句式的主语是由几个名词并列构成,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致。比如:

Thereis a book, a dictionary and two pens on the desk.

Thereare two pens, a book and a dictionary on the desk.

4.There be句式变疑问句时,只需要把be动词提到there的前面久可以了。比如:

Isthere a policeman in the room?

Yes,there is. / No, there isn’t.

5.There be句式边否定时,只需要在be动词后面加not即可。比如:

Thereis not an ice cream in the box.

现在进行时

1.什么时候用现在进行时?

① 表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作。比如:

She is drinking milk now.

② 表示现阶段正在进行二说话时不一定正在进行的动作。比如:

Iam knitting a sweater for my husband.

③ 表示即将发生的动作,尤其是在最近按计划安排好要发生的动作。这种用法的动词主要限于come,go,leave,start,arrive等动词。比如:

Theyare going to Shanghai on Friday.

Iam coming now.

2.现在进行时的谓语部分是怎么构成的?

am/is / are + 现在分词(V-ing)

3.现在进行时常和哪些副词连用?

现在进行时常与now,at themoment(此时此刻),always,continually或者constantly等副词连用,表示反复出现的习惯性的动作。比如:

She is making the bed now.

4.现在进行时句子如何变否定句?

在句子的“be”动词后面加“not”可把句子变为否定句。

Weare not talking in the living room.

Heis not sleeping on the bed.

5.现在进行时的句子如何边疑问句?

将句子的“be”动词大写提前,可以吧句子变为一般疑问句。比如:

Isshe running after her boss?

Arethey eating dinner at the table?

一般将来时

1.什么时候用be going to 构成的一般将来时?

① 事先进过考虑,安排近期要做的事情。比如:

Theyare going to the park this weekend.

② 根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。比如:

Whatbad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow.

2.常与be going to搭配的时间副词或者词组有哪些?

begoing to 常常与表示将来的时间爱你信息词如this afternoon, tomorrow, theday afrer tomorrow以及next系列时间短语等连用。

3.be going to 句型变化有哪些?

① be going to 的否定式是在助词be后加not,即:主语 + be + not + going to + do + ….比如:

Peteris not going to make a model ship.

② be going to 的疑问式是把助动词be移到句首,即:be + 主语+ going to + do + …?比如:

Areyou going to mend his chair soon?

Yes,I am. / No, I am mot.

一般现在时

1.什么时候用一般现在时?

① 表示经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。比如:

Iget up early every day.

Ileave home for school at 7 every morning.

② 表示客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

Thesun rises in the east.

Thereare 24 hours in a day.

2.一般现在时的构成:

肯定句:主语 + 动词…(主语第三人称单数)

He/She /It + 动词-s/-es + 动词…

否定句:主语 + do not(= don’t) + 动词…

主语(第三人称单数)+ does not(= doesn’t)+ 动词…

疑问句:Do + 主语 + 动词…?

Does+ 主语(第三人人称单数)+ 动词…?

Idon’t get up early every day.

Doeshe get up early every day?

3.常常跟一般现在时连用的时间状语有:often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, onSunday. 比如:

Shegets up at six every day.

Wegot there once a week.

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