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绿色屋顶是好的，屋顶农场更不错

2015年6月8日国际绿色屋顶倡导者集聚多伦多，他们表示绿色屋顶和屋顶农业是居住建筑发展的未来结构。传统的绿色屋顶能降低能源耗费，让夏季降温、冬季保暖，还能吸收雨水,而不是让雨水流到下水道中。仅此一点，绿色屋顶已经成为多伦多的一项政府新的政策。但屋顶农业做到这一切的同时，还能为社会提供工作岗位、发电、培养年轻人以及种植食物。

多伦多是北美绿色基础设施（绿色屋顶和社区花园）的先锋。屋顶绿化和健康城市的董事史蒂文•佩克表示，“屋顶农业是将两者结合起来”，而且他还举办过为期两天的由灰到绿为主题的会议。史蒂文•佩克表示：“我们有大量农业绿色化屋顶，它们都是社区项目，像Eastdale学院、瑞尔森工程楼以及Carrot Common。但是我们在屋顶上不会建造任何商业规模的农业。”

上个月，多伦多被认定为北美第二个绿色屋顶化城市，仅次美国华盛顿。由于在2009年通过屋顶绿化条例，所有新建筑在六层高，超过2000平方米的面积必须拥有至少20%的绿色屋顶，因为规划者想利用多年生的植物,用规定条例阻止季节性农作物生长。Arlene Throness说,他设计并运营着瑞尔森大学的乔治变化工程和计算机中心929平方米的屋顶农场。

Throness 表示:这座城市规章制度是需要80%的绿色屋顶，需要覆盖种植后三年。如果你每个季节收割庄稼,绿色屋顶是周期性的，而新作物生长,这违反了法律。但食用的植物会用掉太多的劳力和水资源，城市想给开发者合理的绿色屋顶解决方案，所以一直在监视我们的水使用，不浪费更多。去年夏天绿色屋顶主办的five-crop旋转农场，产生超过两吨的蔬菜,她说“我们发现,在这里一切作物可以生长“。收获作物可以用作校园厨房和古尔德圣农贸市场周三。Throness说：因为国家持续干旱，Ontario进口数十亿美元的农产品，每年都是这种供应方式。而屋顶农业增加地方粮食安全又改善了现有环境。

派克说道：屋顶农场不是所以地方都合适，老建筑往往不能承载多余的重量，他们又是这个城市的未来的重要组成部分。在多伦多仍然有数亿平方英尺的屋顶需要绿化。

Green roofs are nice, but rooftop farms are better.

They’re the future of living architecture, say international green roofadvocates who gathered in Toronto last week.Traditional green roofs reduceenergy consumption by keeping buildings cooler in the summer and warmer in thewinter, and they also absorb rainwater instead of sending it into storm sewers.For this alone, they have become official policy in Toronto.But rooftopagriculture-or agritecture-does all this while also providing jobs, generatingelectricity, training youth and of course, growing food.

“Toronto is a leader in North America for green infrastructure — not onlygreen roofs, but community gardens. This is about putting those two ideastogether,” said Steven Peck, president of Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, whichhosted the two-day Grey to Green conference.“We have a handful of agriculturalgreen roofs and all of them are community projects,” like Eastadle Collegiate,Ryerson’s Engineering building and the Carrot Common, said Peck. “But we don’thave any commercial-scale agriculture on roofs — that’s the next thing.”

Last month, Toronto was recognized as North America’s second best city forbuilding green roofs, with only Washington D.C. building faster.Thanks to thegreen roof bylaw passed in 2009, all new buildings over six stories tall and withmore than 2,000 square metres of floor space must have at least 20 per centgreen roof.But because planners envisioned using perennial plants, certainregulations discourage seasonal crops, said Arlene Throness, who designed andoperates the 929-square-metre farm on the roof of Ryerson University’s GeorgeVari Engineering and Computing Centre.

The city bylaw requires green roofs to be 80 per cent covered three yearsafter planting. If you're harvesting crops every season, the green roof isperiodically naked while the new crops grow, and this breaks the law, Thronessexplained.“I think the fear was that edible plants would take too much labourand water,” and the city wanted to give developers a low-maintenance solutionfor building green roofs, Throness said. “But we’ve been monitoring our wateruse and don’t require any more.”After a pilot project in 2013, last summer theroof hosted a five-crop rotational farm that produced more than two tonnes ofvegetables, she said. “We’ve found that we can grow everything here.”Theharvest is split between campus kitchens and the Gould St. farmer’s market onWednesdays.Ontario imports billions of dollars of produce from California eachyear and this supply is becoming threatened due to the state’s prolongeddrought, said Throness. Rooftop agriculture adds local food security to theexisting environmental benefits of green roofs.

For Peck, while rooftop farms aren’t appropriate everywhere — olderbuildings often can’t handle the extra weight — they’re an essential part ofthe future of the city.“There are still hundreds of millions of square feet ofroofs in Toronto that could still be greened,” Peck said.

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