Section 1 保险场景——笔记本电脑索赔， 10笔记Section 2 介绍场景——运动中心开业，6单选+4配对Section 3 学术讨论——21世纪的发明，6配对+4单选Section 4 历史讲座——阿拉斯加先民移民，10笔记场景： 银行保场景——一个人的申请索赔自己的笔记本电脑1. reference no./customer no. WXW717435T2. which part is damaged: the keyboard3. Date of birth: April 30th4. last claim: use “bike”5. which branch store did he buy it: Compucan10. need a report from the manufacture11. what purpose for this activity new course:celebrate the opening of dance studio12. what days is the most popular day for this centreA weekends B weekday evenings C Monday to Friday13. How can guest get a discount14. what is the special offerA free training hour with a coachC free membership to 20 people15. why did they win an awardA trainer provide high quality in practiceB website centre a lots informationC offering professional advisers16. why did some guests finally quitE quick react/short react time19. aerobics training - AA meets energy demand globallyF can be manufactured economicallyG used in small electric equipment22. thin film soar panel -F25. hi-tech fruit package -D26. electric sport car -B27. Svalbard global seed vault in North Pole innovation’s feature:A store the seeds and kept them stable for long timeB Arctic climate is cold and dry28. Who can use these seeds?A scientists and researcherB Norwegian science programmeC Countries that buried seeds in them29. Man said why he can’t do this presentation?A he has limited knowledge30. 女生讲不把这个innovation make into the presentation’s topic?B there is not a technologyC money can be used in better ways31. land is usually not covered with ice32. US people follow animals species to migrate there33. DNA analysis of remains of teeth34. 因为极端天气extreme weather迁移的人很少few of the immigrant can survive35. Because of limitation in sailing boats they can not migrate36. they brought nine sea plants37. resources for *** and weapons38. 迁移受because of climate/weather change影响39. 人们lack of navigational skills40. strong current of Japan Sea.Section 1 咨询场景——儿童活动咨询， 10笔记Section 2 介绍场景——关于Mentor的介绍，5单选+5配对地图Section 3 学术讨论——生病请假学生回校学习讨论，4句子填空+6表格填空Section 4 历史讲座——蒸汽船的诞生，10笔记1. discount price 26.65/per day.2. 当天具体什么活动取决于 depend on the weather3. ticket not including the lunch4. 额外带的东西 clothes, such as trousers5. Location : beside the lakesActivities info details (表格填空)A lived there in town for a long timeB people who just moved hereC want to earn extra moneyB tell you which is the best shop13. if you till feel lonelyC take the advantage of the informal meeting on Thursday every weekA leaflets in foreign languagesB Adapt to the new environment as soon as possibleMap completion
F= Open air sport centre
21. The student has to send the project plan to the teacher as an email attachment (The girl asks that is it okay to send an email the teachers agrees)22. During some certain period, the work that group A&B has to do is to carry out the: data analysis23. The deadline of sending the project plan is : 5th November,24. They’re discussing the format of the assignment. The last stage of the work is: Individual Presentation场景： 历史-蒸汽船的诞生，伊桑巴德.金德姆.布鲁奈尔31. engineering includes building dams, bridges and roads.32. Previously talked about important building? The important railway line built in the 19th century.33. Mr. Brunel thought sail in Arctic would be impossible.34. he chose bigger ship, because the size of engine in bigger ship would be comparatively small35. the *** was reinforced by wood and stell36. he built a construction company with his brother company37. what was the reaction of sailors when ship was on fire?A jumped into the water and survived38. why did the fire cause little damage? There was a hand pump.39. How did Great Westerner from Bristol arrived for London?40. why were there many other companies also sailing across the Atlantic?B beat rivals competitors本次考试的文章是两篇旧文章+一篇新文章，难度适中。第一篇为新文章，讲了一座城市。第二篇讲了小提琴，第三篇讲了管理类中的多任务处理。对应剑桥文章可以练习C6T3P2和C9T4P3。题目：Violin by manual work or large-scale product题型：list of headings 8 + 判断5文章大意：主要观点是年代久远的乐器和现代乐器的价值比较，小提琴贵的原因，现代科学对下乐器制作的影响及评定从争论价格到手工工艺到应用现代技术，木材年代及油漆差异，木材的处理到top musician 对手工和工业化violin的偏爱不同Can you do them at the same time?A Talking on the phone while driving isn’t the only situation where we’re worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. New studies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we are fundamentally incapable of true multitasking If experimental findings reflect real-world performance, people who think they are multitasking are probably just underperforming in all - or at best, all but one - of their parallel pursuits. Practice might improve your performance, but you will never be as good as when focusing on one task at a time.B The problem, according to Rend Marois, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. Tennessee, is that there’s a sticking point in the brain. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an experiment to locate it. Volunteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears, a red circle, say, they have to press a key with their index finger. Different coloured circles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second, and the volunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen to different recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance, when they hear a bird chirp, they have to say "ba" ;an electronic sound should elicit a "ko" , and so on. Again, no problem. A normal person can do that in about half a second, with almost no effort.C The trouble comes when Marois shows the volunteers an image, then almost immediately plays them a sound. Now they’re flummoxed. "If you show an image and play a sound at the same time, one task is postponed, " he says. In fact, if the second task is introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to the first, it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously; delays progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens.D There are at least three points where we seem to get stuck, says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we’ re looking at. This can take a few tenths of a second, during which time we are not able to see and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the "attentional blink" : experiments have shown that if you’re watching out for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any time within this crucial window of concentration, it may register in your visual cortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly, if you don’t expect the first event, you have no trouble responding to the second. What exactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.E A second limitation is in our short-term visual memory. It’s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time, fewer if they are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain, in part, our astonishing inability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical, so-called "change blindness" . Show people pairs of near-identical photos - say, aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other - and they will fail to spot the differences. Here again, though, there is disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does it come down to a dearth of storage capacity, or is it about how much attention a viewer is paying?F A third limitation is that choosing a response to a stimulus - braking when you see a child in the road, for instance, or replying when your mother tells you over the phone that she’s thinking of leaving your dad - also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things will delay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This is called the "response selection bottleneck" theory, first proposed in 1952.G But David Meyer, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, doesn’t buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-task interference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritise multiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his peers. He has written papers with titles like a" Virtually perfect time-sharing in dual-task performance: Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck" . His experiments have shown that with enough practice - at least 2000 tries - some people can execute two tasks simultaneously as competently as if "they were doing them one after the other. He suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates all this and, what’s more, he thinks it uses discretion: sometimes it chooses to delay one task while completing another.H Marois agrees that practice can sometimes erase interference effects, He has found that with just I hour of practice each day for two weeks, volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks at once. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achieve this. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find less congested circuits to execute a task - rather like finding trusty back streets to avoid heavy traffic on main roads - effectively making our response to the task subconscious. After all, there are plenty of examples of subconscious multitasking that most of us routinely manage: walking and talking, eating and reading, watching TV and folding the laundry.I It probably comes as no surprise that, generally speaking, we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who studies how ageing affects our cognitive abilities, we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow through our 30s and on into our 50s. it is there; and after 55, it becomes more precipitous. In one study, he and his colleagues had both young and old participants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. He found that while young drivers tended to miss background changes, older drivers failed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise, older subjects had more trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than young drivers.J It’s not all bad news for over-55s, though. Kramer also found that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn to perform better, brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was a change in the way their brains become active. While it’s clear that practice can often make a difference, especially as we age, the basic facts remain sobering. "We have this impression of an almighty complex brain. " says Marois, "and yet we have very humbling and crippling limits. " For most of our history, we probably never needed to do more than one thing at a time, he says, and so we haven’t evolved to be able to. Perhaps we will in future, though. We might yet look back one day on people like Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multi taskers.The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-J.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-J, in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet.28 A theory explained delay happens when selecting one reaction29 Different age group responds to important things differently30 Conflicts happened when visual and audio element emerge simultaneously31 An experiment designed to demonstrates blocks for multitasking32 An viewpoint favors optimistic side of multitask performanceChoose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.33 Which one is correct about experiment conducted by René Marois?A participants performed poorly on listening task solelyB volunteers press different key on different colorC Meyer holds a different opinion on Marois’s theoryD an existing processor decides whether delay another task or notDo the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement is trueNO if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage36 Longer gap between two presenting tasks means shorter delay toward the second one.37 Incapable in human memory cause people sometimes miss the differences when presented two similar images.38 Marois has different opinion on the claim that training removes bottleneck effect.39 According to Art Kramer, is a correlation between multitasking performance and genders40 The author doesn’t believe that effect of practice could bring any variation.Some people think health care should be free for everyone, while others think they should pay medical costs for themselves. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.第二批人的观点：免费医疗会给政府和纳税者带来过多的负担。自己的观点：免费医疗会给医生带来经济收入上的影响，降低职业成就感。Few individuals can be immune from diseases, ailment or some accidents, which makes healthcare necessary to give them a guarantee. Although health care can play a pivotal role in everyone’s life, I hold the view that it will trigger some problems if it is provided freely.Some people advocate citizens should gain free access to the health care resources because the basic living quality can be ensured. Those who are needy or come from deprived families may have few opportunities if they are charged with high medical fees, which means that their health problems can be alleviated or solved with the abundant financial support. Therefore, the public could enjoy a healthier life and their quality of living can be enhanced.The opponents argue that it is likely to give rise to some undesired consequence if the free health care is offered. Free health care means substantial investment, which may cause the financial imbalance and shortage in other important fields concerning the daily life every individual. Also, the taxpayer’s basic interest may be undermined because they have to carry the burden to pay the corresponding tax.Personally, I frown upon the proposal that free health care should be provided in terms of the doctors. Chances are that the income of doctors will decline dramatically because they have less source of salary, thereby leading to a phenomenon that few people would like to choose doctor as their professions because of bleak career prospects and the premier medical service can be provided.1月换题之后，目前的口语题库已经非常稳定，请同学们扎实准备。以下为本场高频题:1. a time weather changed your plan3. a new skill you would like to learn4. an indoor game that you liked to play when you were a child5. a time you decided to wait for something.Describe a time you decided to wait for something.I should start by saying that I’m a movie fanatic – I’m just mad about them. It all started when I was young. I would record films from the TV using an old video recorder, and then watch them over and over again. A few years ago, I can’t remember exactly when off the top of my head, when Blu-Ray was still quite new, one of my favourite films was being released. Nowadays most movies come out on both formats around the same time, but back then you would have to wait longer for the Blu-Ray. I was determined to wait, as the picture and sound quality of Blu-Ray is so much better. I’ve spent a lot of money on a very expensive entertainment system and I want to make the most of it! The wait was agonizing; I was counting down the days. I had seen the movie in the cinema a few months before, but I was desperate to see it again in the comfort of my own home. Some of my friends had bought the DVD and I was green with envy knowing that they could watch it and I couldn’t. Eventually it arrived on my doorstep. I had pre-ordered the Blu-Ray on the Internet, so it was mailed to my house as soon as it was available. I was giddy with excitement and immediately settled down to watch it.
