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由于全世界有近40亿人上网，因特网在从社交互动到商务经营，乃至发电站等关键基础设施中处于核心地位。所有这些都必须得到保护。因此，美国正在主导一项抗击网际行为恶劣者的全球性努力。

唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）总统在9月发布的新的《国家网络战略》（National Cyber Strategy）中指出：“美国开创了因特网并与全世界分享。现在，我们必须确保为子孙后代保障并保护网络空间。”

美国副国务卿约翰·沙利文（John Sullivan）于9月28日在联合国的网络安全会议上指出：“我们的目的是遏制网络空间的恶意行径。”他说，但这是一种平衡举措；目的是“抗击网络威胁，同时维护自由人民和自由国家已开始享受到的因特网的诸多惠益。”

保护一个“开放的、有弹性的”网络空间

在国际性讨论正在展开的同时，沙利文敦促“志同道合的伙伴与美国一起努力，要求有关国家为恶意的网络活动承担责任”。

沙利文说，携手合作的国家将“要求那些违反志同道合的国家所采纳的行为规范的人承担后果”。

负责网络空间和国际通讯及信息政策的副助理国务卿罗伯特·斯特雷耶（Robert Strayer）最近对新闻记者表示，负责任的国家行为的规范之一，举例而言，就是各国不对服务于公众的关键基础设施发起攻击。他介绍了美国正在努力就网络战略构建全球共识的几点原因 [请见英文简报]。

斯特雷耶说：“我们认为各个国家承认这些规则非常重要。”他指出，数字技术预期将使全球经济产出增长超过一万亿美元，但如果网络安全所受的威胁得不到应对，这些收益的75%将岌岌可危。

他表示：“我们应当遏制恶意行径，而且我们将同其他国家一道归咎责任并追究后果来努力这样做。”

With nearly 4 billion people around the world online, the internet is central to everything from social interactions to business to critical infrastructure, such as power plants. And it all has to be protected. That’s why the United States is leading a global effort to counter bad actors in cyberspace.

“America created the internet and shared it with the world,” President Donald Trump wrote in the new National Cyber Strategy released in September. “Now, we must make sure to secure and preserve cyberspace for future generations.”

“Our goal is to deter malicious activity in cyberspace,” U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan said at a September 28 session on cybersecurity at the United Nations. But it is a balancing act; the goal is to “confront cyber threats while maintaining the many benefits that free people and free nations have come to enjoy from the internet,” he said.

Protecting an ‘open, resilient’ cyberspace

While international discussions are ongoing, Sullivan called “on like-minded partners to join the United States to work together to hold states accountable for their malicious cyber activity.”

Countries working together are going to be “imposing consequences for those who violate the norms that like-minded countries have adopted,” Sullivan said.

One norm for responsible state behavior, for example, is that nations don’t attack critical infrastructure serving the public, Robert Strayer, deputy assistant secretary of state for cyber and international communications and information policy, told reporters recently. He explained why the United States is working to build a global consensus on cyber strategy.

“We think it’s very important that nation states recognize these rules,” Strayer said. He noted that digital technologies are expected to add more than $1 trillion to global economic output, but that 75 percent of those gains could be put in jeopardy if cybersecurity threats are not addressed.

“We need to deter malicious behavior, and we will seek to do so by joining with other countries in attribution and the imposition of consequences,” he said.