约翰·济慈(John·Keats),出生于18世纪末年的伦敦,是英国最杰出的诗人作家之一,浪漫派的主要成员。济慈才华横溢,与雪莱、拜伦齐名。他去世时年仅25岁,可他遗下的诗篇誉满人间,他的诗被认为完美体现了西方浪漫主义诗歌特色,济慈被人们推崇为欧洲浪漫主义运动的杰出代表。1810年,济慈被送去当药剂师的学徒。五年后济慈考入伦敦大学国王学院(King's College London)。
济慈在1815年至1816年在我校医学院就读,他曾是Astley Cooper爵士及一些著名学者的门生。在一段学习后,济慈选择放弃从医的志愿,专心倾注于他热爱的诗歌事业。现在每两年伦敦国王学院都会举办济慈纪念讲座,时间在2月23日济慈逝世日前后,届时医学院(Guy’s hospital),英国皇家外科医学院(Royal College of Surgeonsof England)及药剂协会(WorshipfulSociety of Apothecaries)将会联合举办该活动。
《夜莺颂》是济慈颂诗名作之一.诗歌描述了在听到夜莺美妙的歌声时,唤醒了诗人内心对自由的渴望和摆脱痛苦的现实世界的愿望。那年,济慈23岁患上了肺痨,同时还处于和方妮的热恋中。正如济慈自己说的,他常常想的两件事就是爱情的甜蜜和自己死去的时间。在这样的情景下,怀着心中充满着悲愤和对生命的渴望。在一个深沉的夜晚,在浓密的树枝下,在鸟儿嘹亮的歌声中,济慈一口气写下了这首8节80多行的《夜莺颂》。
Ode To A Nightingale
by JohnKeats
My heart aches, and adrowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though ofhemlock I had drunk,
Or emptied some dullopiate to the drains
One minute past, andLethe-wards, had sunk;
'Tis not through envyof thy happy lot,
But being too happy inthine happiness ---
That thou,light-winged Dryad of the trees,
In some melodiousplot
Of beechen green andshadows numberless,
Singest of summer infull-throated ease.
O, for a draught ofvintage! that hath been
Cooled a long age inthe deep-delved earth,
Tasting of Flora andthe country green,
Dance, and Provencalsong, and sunburnt mirth!
O for a beaker full ofthe warm South,
Full of the true, theblushful Hippocrene,
With beaded bubbleswinking at the brim,
And purple-strainedmouth;
That I might drink,and leave the world unseen,
And with thee fadeaway into the forest dim;
Fade far away,dissolve, and quite forget
What thou among theleaves hast never known,
The weariness, thefever, and the fret
Here, where men sitand hear each other groan;
Where palsy shakes afew, sad, last gray hairs,
Where youth growspale, and specter-thin, and dies;
Where but to think isto be full of sorrow
And leaden-eyeddespairs,
Where Beauty cannotkeep her lustrous eyes,
Or new Love pine atthem beyond tomorrow.
Away! away! for I willfly to thee,
Not charioted byBacchus and his pards,
But on the viewlesswings of Poesy,
Though the dull brainperplexes and retards:
Already with thee!Tender is the night,
And haply the QueenMoon is on her throne,
Clustered around byall her starry fays;
But here there is nolight,
Save what from heavenis with the breezes blown
Through verdurousglooms and winding mossy ways.
I cannot see whatflowers are at my feet,
Nor what soft incensehangs upon the boughs,
But, in embalmeddarkness, guess each sweet
Wherewith theseasonable month endows
The grass, thethicket, and the fruit tree wild;
White hawthorn, andthe pastoral eglantine;
Fast-fading violetscovered up in leaves;
And mid-May's eldestchild,
The coming musk rose,full of dewy wine,
The murmurous haunt offlies on summer eves.
Darkling I listen;and, for many a time
I have been half inlove with easeful Death,
Called him soft namesin many a mused rhyme,
To take into the airmy quiet breath;
Now more than everseems it rich to die,
To cease upon themidnight with no pain,
While thou art pouringforth thy soul abroad
In such anecstasy!
Still wouldst thousing, and I have ears in vain ---
To thy high requiembecome a sod.
Thou wast not bonr fordeath, immortal Bird!
No hungry generationstread thee down;
The voice I hear thispassing night was heard
In ancient days byemperors and clown;
Perhaps the selfsamesong that found a path
Through the sad heartof Ruth, when, sick for home,
She stood in tearsamid the alien corn;
The same that ofttimeshath
Charmed magiccasements, opening on the foam
Of perilous seas, infaery lands forlorn.
Forlorn! the very wordis like a bell
To toll me back fromthee to my sole self!
Adieu! the fancycannot cheat so well
As she is famed to do,deceiving elf.
Adieu! adieu! thyplaintive anthem fades
Past the near meadows,over the still stream,
Up the hilside; andnow 'tis buried deep
In the next valleyglades.
Was it a vision, or awaking dream?
Fled is that music ---Do I wake or sleep?
夜莺颂
我的心在痛,困顿和麻木
刺进了感官,有如饮过毒鸠,
又象是刚刚把鸦片吞服,
于是向着列斯忘川下沉:
并不是我嫉妒你的好运,
而是你的快乐使我太欢欣——
因为在林间嘹亮的天地里,
你呵,轻翅的仙灵,
你躲进山毛榉的葱绿和荫影,
放开歌喉,歌唱着夏季。
哎,要是有一口酒!那冷藏
在地下多年的清醇饮料,
一尝就令人想起绿色之邦,
想起花神,恋歌,阳光和舞蹈!
要是有一杯南国的温暖
充满了鲜红的灵感之泉,
杯沿明灭着珍珠的泡沫,
给嘴唇染上紫斑;
哦,我要一饮而离开尘寰,
和你同去幽暗的林中隐没:
远远地、远远隐没,让我忘掉
你在树叶间从不知道的一切,
忘记这疲劳、热病、和焦躁,
这使人对坐而悲叹的世界;
在这里,青春苍白、消瘦、死亡,
而“瘫痪”有几根白发在摇摆;
在这里,稍一思索就充满了
忧伤和灰色的绝望,
而“美”保持不住明眸的光彩,
新生的爱情活不到明天就枯凋。
去吧!去吧!我要朝你飞去,
不用和酒神坐文豹的车驾,
我要展开诗歌底无形羽翼,
尽管这头脑已经困顿、疲乏;
去了!呵,我已经和你同往!
夜这般温柔,月后正登上宝座,
周围是侍卫她的一群星星;
但这儿却不甚明亮,
除了有一线天光,被微风带过,
葱绿的幽暗,和苔藓的曲径。
我看不出是哪种花草在脚旁,
什么清香的花挂在树枝上;
在温馨的幽暗里,我只能猜想
这个时令该把哪种芬芳
赋予这果树,林莽,和草丛,
这白枳花,和田野的玫瑰,
这绿叶堆中易谢的紫罗兰,
还有五月中旬的娇宠,
这缀满了露酒的麝香蔷薇,
它成了夏夜蚊蚋的嗡萦的港湾。
我在黑暗里倾听,多少次
我几乎爱上了静谧的死亡,
我用深思的诗韵唤他的名字,
求他把我的一息散入空茫;
而现在,死更是多么富丽:
在午夜里溘然魂离人间,
当你正倾泻着你的心怀
发出这般的狂喜!
你仍将歌唱,但我却不再听见——
你的葬歌只能唱给泥草一块。
永生的鸟呵,你不会死去!
饥饿的世代无法将你蹂躏;
今夜,我偶然听到的歌曲
曾使古代的帝王和村夫喜悦;
或许这同样的歌也曾激荡
露丝忧郁的心,使她不禁落泪,
站在异邦的谷田里想着家;
就是这声音常常
在失掉了的仙域里引动窗扉:
一个美女望着大海险恶的浪花。
呵,失掉了!这句话好比一声钟
使我猛醒到我站脚的地方!
别了!幻想,这骗人的妖童,
不能老耍弄它盛传的伎俩。
别了!别了!你怨诉的歌声
流过草坪,越过幽静的溪水,
溜上山坡;而此时,它正深深
埋在附近的溪谷中:
噫,这是个幻觉,还是梦寐?
那歌声去了:——我是睡?是醒?
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